As people age, bone mass decreases due to changes in bone remodeling, leading to a higher risk of osteoporosis, especially in postmenopausal women and elderly individuals.
Reduced estrogen levels in women during menopause accelerate bone loss, while in men, declining testosterone levels can also contribute to decreased bone density, increasing the risk of osteoporosis.
Inadequate intake of calcium, vitamin D, and other essential nutrients necessary for bone health can weaken bones and increase the likelihood of osteoporosis development.
Factors such as sedentary lifestyle, excessive alcohol consumption, smoking, and high caffeine intake can impair bone formation and increase the risk of osteoporosis.
Certain medical conditions like hyperthyroidism, gastrointestinal disorders (e.g., celiac disease), and hormonal disorders (e.g., hyperparathyroidism) can interfere with calcium absorption or bone metabolism, predisposing individuals to osteoporosis.
Long-term use of medications such as corticosteroids, anticonvulsants, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), and some cancer treatments can weaken bones and increase the risk of osteoporosis by interfering with bone formation or calcium absorption.
Family history and genetic predisposition play a significant role in osteoporosis risk. Certain genetic variations can influence bone density and structure, increasing susceptibility to osteoporosis later in life.
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